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橡胶垫块时需要考虑以下的基本原则：
The following basic principles need to be considered when rubber pads are used:
（1）上部结构是空间结构时，橡胶垫块应能同时适应桥梁顺桥向（X方向）和横桥向（Y方向）的变形；
(1) when the superstructure is a spatial structure, the rubber pad should be able to adapt to the deformation of the bridge in the direction of the bridge (X direction) and the transverse direction (Y direction);
（2）橡胶垫块必须能可靠的传递垂直和水平反力；
(2) rubber pads must be able to reliably transfer vertical and horizontal forces;
（3）橡胶垫块应使由于梁体变形所产生的纵向位移、横向位移和纵、恒向转角应尽可能不受约束；
(3) the longitudinal displacement, lateral displacement and longitudinal and constant rotation angle caused by the deformation of the beam should be as unconstrained as possible;
（4）当桥梁位于平坡上，固定橡胶垫块宜设在主要行车方向的前端桥台上；
(4) when the bridge is located on the flat slope, the fixed rubber cushion block should be located on the front abutment of the main driving direction;
（5）橡胶垫块宜设置在具有较大垫块反力的地方；
(5) the rubber pad should be installed in the place where the reaction force is greater than the block;
（6）在同一桥墩上的几个橡胶垫块应具有相近的转动刚度；
(6) several rubber pads on the same pier should have similar rotational rigidity;
总之，桥梁橡胶垫块的布置原则是既要便于传递支座反力，又要使橡胶垫块能充分适应梁体的自由变形。
In a word, the layout principle of the bridge rubber pad is not only convenient to transfer the counterforce of the support, but also to make the rubber pad fully adapt to the free deformation of the beam.
3橡胶垫块的安装
Installation of 3 rubber pad
（1）在垫块安装之前应对支座的安装位置进行测量检验，支座安装平面应和支座的滑动平面或滚动平面平行，其平行度的偏差不宜超过2‰。
(1) before installing the cushion block, the installation position of the bearing should be measured and checked, and the mounting plane of the bearing should be parallel to the sliding plane or rolling plane of the bearing, and the deviation of parallelism should not exceed 2.
（2）垫块安装前应对活动支座顶、底板的相对位置进行检查。 ?
(2) check the relative position of the top and bottom plate of the movable support before installing the cushion block. ?
（3）垫块安装后，滚动和滑动平面应水平，其与理论平面的斜度不大于2‰。支座上、下板中心应对中，其偏差不大于2‰。
(3) after the cushion block is installed, the rolling and sliding planes should be horizontal, and the slope of the theoretical plane is not greater than 2 per thousand. The center of the upper and lower plates should be in the middle, and the deviation should not be greater than 2 per thousand.
（4）为保证垫块安装平整，一般应在支座底面与职称垫石顶面之间，捣筑20～50mm厚的干硬性无收缩砂浆垫层。
(4) in order to ensure the installation and leveling of cushion block, the dry and hard shrinkage free mortar cushion with 20 to 50mm thickness should be rammed between the bottom of support and the top of cushion stone.